Somalia

Integrated Context
Somalia’s climate vulnerability is shaped by recurrent drought, episodic flooding, insecurity, and weak public institutions. Pastoral and agro-pastoral systems dominate rural livelihoods and depend directly on rainfall patterns, rangeland health, and access to water points. Climate shocks routinely translate into livestock losses, food insecurity, displacement, and heightened pressure on urban centers. Flooding along the Shabelle and Juba rivers can follow prolonged drought, creating a cycle of compound risk that erodes household resilience. Environmental degradation, including rangeland depletion, deforestation, and unsustainable charcoal production, has further weakened ecological stability. A credible adaptation agenda must therefore combine local water governance, livelihood resilience, anticipatory action, and practical support for institutions operating in fragile conditions.